Käsitesivu

In Indian religions, the means and techniques of training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility and of attaining liberation from karma and samsara. It can specifically refer to systems of physical and breathing exercises combined with meditation practiced as part of the discipline of yoga to promote control of the body and mind. Yoga is probably of non-Vedic origin. Today there are many types of yoga. In the West, yoga is valued less as a Hindu theistic philosophy and more as an activity or discipline with mental and physical health benefits.

Refers generally to any Japanese variety of the visual arts that uses Western Techniques. The term came into usage during the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912) to distinguish Western-style art from traditional styles of Japanese painting. Western style painting was first know in Japan in the 16th century, but interest faded with the policy of National Seclusion during the reign of the Togukawa shogunate (1603-1867). In 1855, the shogunate set up a research bureau for Western studies, with the Technological Art School established in 1876. During the 1880's, there was a reaction against Western-style painting and a revival of interest in traditional arts.